How to cope after losing someone to suicide

kAm%96C6 2C6?’E >2?J =@DD6D :? =:76 E92E 4@>A2C6 E@ 8C:67 27E6C DF:4:56] xE’D :?E6?D6[ F?:BF6[ 2?5 56G2DE2E:?8] |2?J A6@A=6 42?’E F?56CDE2?5 E9:D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]E2=<DA246]4@>^3=@8^EJA6D\@7\8C:67^QmEJA6 @7 8C:67k^2m F?=6DD E96J’G6 6IA6C:6?465 :E E96>D6=G6D] $F:4:56 8C:67 :D 4@>A=:42E65 2?5 42? 36 >@C6 :D@=2E:?8 E92? @E96C 7@C>D @7 8C:67] *@FC A2:? >:89E 766= D@ 566A E92E :E D66>D =:<6 J@F’== ?6G6C 7:?5 2 H2J E9C@F89] %96 ECFE9 :D[ E96C6’D ?@ “C:89E” H2J E@ 6IA6C:6?46 DF:4:56 8C:6G:?8[ 3FE E96C6 2C6 H2JD E@ 42C6 7@C J@FCD6=7 2D J@F DE2CE E@ 962=]k^Am

kAmx7 J@F @C D@>6@?6 J@F =@G6 :D ECJ:?8 E@ ?2G:82E6 8C:67 27E6C 2 DF:4:56[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]E2=<DA246]4@>^Qm%2=<DA246k^2m @776CD 962=E9J 4@A:?8 E@@=D E@ 96=A J@F 86E E9C@F89 E9:D E:>6]k^Am

k9bmv:G6 *@FCD6=7 !6C>:DD:@? E@ u66= tG6CJE9:?8k^9bm

kAm~?6 @7 E96 >@DE :>A@CE2?E E9:?8D 23@FE 962=:?8 7C@> 2 =@DD =:<6 E9:D :D E92E J@F 2446AE :E’D ~z 7@C J@F E@ 766= H92E6G6C J@F’C6 766=:?8] u66=:?8D 2C6?’E 7@C6G6C[ 2?5 E96C6’D ?@ 7@C>F=2 7@C 9@H E@ H2=< E9C@F89 DF:4:56 8C:67] xE’D G:E2= E92E J@F 8:G6 J@FCD6=7 A6C>:DD:@? E@ 766= 2?JE9:?8 2?5 6G6CJE9:?8 J@F 2C6]k^Am

kAm%96 C2?86 @7 6>@E:@?D E92E 42? 7@==@H DF49 2 =@DD 42? 36 H:=5=J F?AC65:4E23=6] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^;@FC?2=D]962=:@]4@>^5@:^`_]bhag^_afhbehd\a_a__`af\_aQm#6D62C49 D9@HDk^2m E92E =@D:?8 D@>6@?6 E@ DF:4:56 42? 42FD6 D92>6[ 3=2>6[ 2?5 766=:?8D @7 ;F58>6?E] *@F >:89E 36 2?8CJ @?6 >:?FE6 2?5 2D92>65 @C 6>32CC2DD65 E96 ?6IE] *@F >2J H2<6 FA 766=:?8 8F:=EJ 23@FE H92E J@F 5:5—@C 5:5?’E—D2J @C 5@[ 2?5 8@ E@ 365 4@?7FD65 3642FD6 J@F 92G6 2 D6?D6 @7 C6=:67] (92E6G6C J@F 766= 5FC:?8 E9:D E:>6[ <?@H E92E J@FC 766=:?8D 2C6 G2=:5 2?5 :>A@CE2?E]k^Am

kAm“(96? D@>6@?6 =@D6D 2 A6CD@? E@ DF:4:56[ E96J >2J 766= 2 C2?86 @7 6>@E:@?D DF49 2D 2?86C[ 8F:=E[ C6=:67 W6DA64:2==J :7 E96J 36=:6G6 E96 A6CD@? H2D DF776C:?8X[ @C 4@?7FD:@? 3642FD6 ?@E9:?8 D66>D E@ >2<6 D6?D6[” D2JD %2=<DA246 E96C2A:DE u2>@FD tCH:? {|wr[ {!r] “xE’D :>A@CE2?E E@ =6E E96> <?@H E92E E96D6 6>@E:@?D 2C6 ?@C>2= 2?5 5@ ?@E >62? E96J 2C6 2 325 A6CD@?] vC:67 :D ?@E D:>A=6[ 2?5 E96C6 :D ?@ @?6 C:89E H2J E@ 766=] (96? 2 A6CD@? 6IAC6DD6D E96:C 6>@E:@?D[ :E C6G62=D H92E’D 8@:?8 @? :?D:56 E96>—2?5 E92E’D 2 <6J A2CE @7 962=:?8]”k^Am

k9bm{6E v@ @7 E96 “(9J” W(96? *@F’C6 #625JXk^9bm

kAm%96C6’D ?@ E:>6=:?6 7@C 8C:67] {62C?:?8 9@H E@ 4@A6 H:E9 2 DF:4:56 =@DD​ :D 2 AC@46DD[ 2?5 2 3:8 A2CE @7 :E :?G@=G6D 36:?8 23=6 E@ =6E 8@ @7 E96 H9J]k^Am

kAm%CJ:?8 E@ F?56CDE2?5 D@>6@?6’D 564:D:@? E@ 6?5 E96:C =:76 42? 36 28@?:K:?8] *@F 42?’E AC65:4E @C CFD9 H96? @C 9@H :E’== 92AA6?] ~?6 52J[ E9@F89[ J@F H:== 36 23=6 E@ 7C66 J@FCD6=7 7C@> E96 3FC56? @7 ?665:?8 E@ F?56CDE2?5] *@F >2J ?6G6C 7F==J F?56CDE2?5 E96:C 564:D:@?[ 3FE 4@>:?8 E@ E6C>D H:E9 E9:D :D 2 A@H6C7F= A2CE @7 J@FC 962=:?8 27E6C 2 =@G65 @?6 5:6D 3J DF:4:56]k^Am

kAm“pD 2 4@F?D6=@C[ x @7E6? 6?4@FC286 4=:6?ED E@ 368:? 3J ?2>:?8 E96 F?46CE2:?EJ E96JVC6 D:EE:?8 H:E9[” tCH:? D2JD] “ p4<?@H=658:?8 ‘x 5@?’E 92G6 2== E96 2?DH6CD’ 42? 62D6 E96 AC6DDFC6 E@ C6D@=G6 E96 F?C6D@=G23=6] x 96=A E96> AC24E:46 D6=7\4@>A2DD:@? 2?5 7@4FD @? H92E E96J 42? 4@?EC@=[ =:<6 52:=J DECF4EFC6 @C >62?:?87F= C@FE:?6D[ H9:=6 86?E=J ?@C>2=:K:?8 E92E D@>6 BF6DE:@?D[ 6DA64:2==J :? 8C:67 >2J C6>2:? F?2?DH6C65] %@86E96C[ H6 6IA=@C6 H2JD E@ DE2J 8C@F?565 :? E96 AC6D6?E >@>6?E[ 4C62E6 >62?:?8 :? D>2== H2JD[ 2?5 =62? :?E@ D276 C6=2E:@?D9:AD 7@C DFAA@CE 2?5 962=:?8]”k^Am

k9bm%2=< p3@FE *@FC {@G65 ~?6 2?5 *@FC vC:67k^9bm

kAm%96 p>6C:42? !DJ49@=@8:42= pDD@4:2E:@? Wp!pX 5:D4FDD6D E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2A2]@C8^E@A:4D^72>:=:6D^8C:67Qm:>A@CE2?46 @7k^2m E2=<:?8 23@FE J@FC =@G65 @?6VD 562E9] ~A6?=J D92C:?8 >6>@C:6D 2?5 6>@E:@?D 96=AD J@F AC@46DD E96 C62=:EJ @7 562E9[ C2E96C E92? 2G@:5:?8 :E] pG@:52?46 >2J 766= AC@E64E:G6 :? E96 >@>6?E[ 3FE :E 42? :?E6?D:7J =@?6=:?6DD[ DEC2:? J@FC 4@??64E:@? H:E9 @E96CD[ 2?5 D=@H 5@H? E96 8C:6G:?8 AC@46DD] qJ ?2>:?8 J@FC 8C:67 2?5 DA62<:?8 23@FE J@FC =@G65 @?6[ J@F >2<6 DA246 7@C DFAA@CE[ >62?:?8[ 2?5 6>@E:@?2= C6=62D6]k^Am

k9bmrC62E6 2 #:EF2= @C %C:3FE6 %92E w@?@CD %96:C {:76k^9bm

kAmxE 766=D 8@@5 E@ 9@?@C 2 =@G65 @?6] u:?5 4@>7@CE :? 46=63C2E:?8 E96 8@@5 E9:?8D J@F C6>6>36C 23@FE E96>] s@ E9:?8D E@ 46=63C2E6 E96 4@??64E:@? J@F 925 H:E9 E96> 2?5 E96:C :>A24E @? @E96CD] xE 42? 36 2D D:>A=6 2D 86EE:?8 E@86E96C 7@C 2? 2??F2= 82E96C:?8 H:E9 72>:=J[ =:89E:?8 2 42?5=6 7@C E96> @? 7FEFC6 3:CE952JD[ A=2?E:?8 2 EC66 :? E96:C >6>@CJ[ @C 6G6? HC:E:?8 E96> 2 =6EE6C 6G6CJ D@ @7E6?]k^Am

kAm#:EF2=D 96=A J@F 766= 4@??64E65[ 6G6? 27E6C 2 =@DD] xE C6>:?5D J@F 9@H DA64:2= E96J H6C6 2?5 E92E E96J’C6 DE:== :? J@FC 962CE] %96C6’D ?@ C:89E @C HC@?8 H2J E@ 92G6 2 EC:3FE6 E@ 9@?@C D@>6@?6’D =:76] p== E92E >2EE6CD :D H92E6G6C J@F A=2? 766=D >62?:?87F= E@ J@F]k^Am

kAmx7 J@F’C6 @G6CH96=>65 2E E96 :562 @7 A=2??:?8 2 EC:3FE6[ E9:?< 23@FE E9:?8D E96J =@G65[ E92E >256 E96> 92AAJ[ @C E92E J@F 6?;@J65 5@:?8 E@86E96C] $>2== 24ED @7 C6>6>3C2?46 42? 96=A J@F 766= 4=@D6 E@ E96>[ 6G6? J62CD 27E6C E96:C A2DD:?8]k^Am

k9bm|2<6 $A246 7@C $6=7\r2C6k^9bm

kAm$6=7\42C6 :D 2 4C:E:42= A2CE @7 =62C?:?8 9@H E@ 4@A6 H:E9 E96 DF:4:56 @7 2 =@G65 @?6​] q6:?8 2H2C6 @7 J@FC @H? ?665D 2?5 E2<:?8 DE6AD E@ 42C6 7@C J@FCD6=7 6?DFC6D J@F 92G6 E96 DEC6?8E9 E@ 962=]k^Am

kAm#6>6>36C:?8 E@ 5@ E96 =:EE=6 E9:?8D—=:<6 62E:?8[ D=66A:?8[ 2?5 D@>6E:>6D[ ;FDE 86EE:?8 @FE @7 365—42? 36 :?4C65:3=J 5:77:4F=E 2D J@F C64@G6C 7C@> E96 562E9 @7 2 =@G65 @?6] x7 J@F’C6 DECF88=:?8 H:E9 J@FC 32D:4 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]E2=<DA246]4@>^3=@8^D6=7\42C6\C@FE:?6^QmD6=7\42C6 C@FE:?6k^2m @C 52:=J 7F?4E:@?:?8[ 36 <:?5 E@ J@FCD6=7]k^Am

kAmvC:67 :D 4@>A=6I[ >6DDJ[ 2?5 492==6?8:?8] x? E96 >@>6?ED H96? J@F 766= =:<6 J@F 42?’E >2?286[ 7@4FD @? E96 32D:4Di C6DE[ ?@FC:D9>6?E[ 2?5 86?E=6 >@G6>6?E] x7 2== J@F 92G6 E96 DEC6?8E9 7@C :D D9@H6C:?8 @?6 52J[ J@F’C6 5@:?8 6?@F89] x7 :E’D 2== J@F 42? >2?286 E@ >2<6 2 3@H= @7 46C62=[ E92E’D 6?@F89[ E@@]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8m$:>A=6 H2JD E@ AC24E:46 D6=7\42C6 H96? J@F’C6 8C:6G:?8 :?4=F56ik^DEC@?8mk^Am

kF=mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ6`d_`_3e3`dch53b`e657ggag5ec76hh4Qmv@:?8 7@C 2 H2=<k^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ676f`ed5dgff373767af`afb24d`cc6d_Qm%2<:?8 2 32E9 @C D9@H6Ck^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ6add5_fga47d547c`cdfg3dbb746ee`ghQmv@:?8 E@ 365k^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ6bhgg_eebb7`75dg2657e3c3e4ad6b643Qm|2<:?8 2 D:>A=6 >62=[ =:<6 E@2DE @C D@FAk^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ6a32_dfbgh2gegd_b463`2bdga6e67`a3QmpD<:?8 7@C 96=A 7C@> 2 7C:6?5 @C 72>:=J >6>36Ck^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ6g6ahhc344f`fa7`a222`f4a7dcbc`dd3Qm|65:E2E:?8k^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ6c23cg3bd2`f53_a_d6h546eed3af6a2bQms@:?8 J@82k^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ6hcb`c4c77aegeg7b6g7cegg52`eb7eg2Qmy@:?:?8 2 8C:67 DFAA@CE 8C@FAk^=:mk^F=m

k9bmu:?5 $FAA@CE 7C@> !6@A=6 (9@ &?56CDE2?5 $F:4:56 {@DDk^9bm

kAmu6H E9:?8D 2C6 >@C6 A@H6C7F= E92? 4@??64E:?8 H:E9 D@>6@?6 H9@ F?56CDE2?5D DF:4:56 8C:67] xE 42? 36 D@>6@?6 H9@’D 2=D@ =@DE 2 72>:=J >6>36C @C =@G65 @?6 E@ DF:4:56[ 2 DFAA@CE 8C@FA[ @C 2?J@?6 H9@ F?56CDE2?5D H96C6 J@F 2C6 6>@E:@?2==J 2?5 A9JD:42==J] u:?5:?8 2 D276 DA246 E@ D92C6 H92E J@F’C6 766=:?8 2?5 =:DE6? E@ @E96CD H:== 96=A J@F 766= F?56CDE@@5 2?5 =6DD 2=@?6 2D J@F =62C? k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]E2=<DA246]4@>^3=@8^9@H\E@\>2?286\8C:67^Qm9@H E@ >2?286 8C:67k^2m]k^Am

kAmp44@C5:?8 E@ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^A>4]?43:]?=>]?:9]8@G^2CE:4=6D^!|rghhgeah^QmC6D62C49k^2m[ A2CE:4:A2?ED @7 A66C DFAA@CE 8C@FAD 7@C DF:4:56 36C62G6>6?E C6A@CE C65F465 8C:67 2?5 D:8?:7:42?E :>AC@G6>6?E :? @G6C2== H6==\36:?8]k^Am

k9bm(@C< H:E9 2 %96C2A:DE @C vC:67 r@F?D6=@Ck^9bm

kAm$FCG:G:?8 2 DF:4:56 =@DD​ 42? 36 :?4C65:3=J 5:77:4F=E E@ 5@ 2=@?6] (@C<:?8 H:E9 2 E96C2A:DE @C 8C:67 4@F?D6=@C 6?DFC6D J@F 92G6 E96 E@@=D J@F ?665 E@ 962=] p AC@76DD:@?2= H9@’D EC2:?65 :? DF:4:56 36C62G6>6?E 42? 96=A J@F AC@46DD E96 4@>A=6I 6>@E:@?D 2?5 766=:?8D J@F’C6 =:<6=J 6IA6C:6?4:?8] %96J 42? 96=A J@F ?2G:82E6 J@FC EC2F>2 2?5 E6249 J@F 962=E9J k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]E2=<DA246]4@>^3=@8^4@A:?8\D<:==D\>6E9@5D^Qm4@A:?8 D<:==Dk^2m E92E DFAA@CE J@FC C64@G6CJ AC@46DD]k^Am

kAmx7 :E 766=D =:<6 J@FC 8C:67 :D 2==\4@?DF>:?8 @C E@@ >F49 E@ 92?5=6 @? J@FC @H?[ :E’D ~z] *@F’C6 ?@E 2=@?6] #6249:?8 @FE 7@C 96=A :D 6>A@H6C:?8—:E’D 2 D:8? @7 DEC6?8E9[ ?@E D@>6E9:?8 E@ 766= H62< 23@FE] %9C@F89 E2:=@C65 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]E2=<DA246]4@>^3=@8^8C:67\E96C2AJ\E649?:BF6D^Qm8C:67 E96C2AJ E649?:BF6Dk^2m[ 2 8C:67 E96C2A:DE H:== 96=A J@F >2<6 D6?D6 @7 J@FC 766=:?8D 2?5 9@?@C E96 >6>@CJ @7 J@FC =@G65 @?6] %96J 42? 96=A J@F 7:?5 2 A2E9 7@CH2C5[ 6G6? :7 :E 766=D :>A@DD:3=6 C:89E ?@H]k^Am

kAm“(:E9 DF:4:56 =@DD DFCG:G@CD[ x @7E6? FD6 2 4@>3:?2E:@? @7 8C:67\7@4FD65 E96C2AJ 2?5 EC2F>2\:?7@C>65 42C6 E@ 96=A E96> AC@46DD 4@>A=6I 6>@E:@?D =:<6 8F:=E[ 2?86C[ 2?5 4@?7FD:@?[” tCH:? D2JD] “%649?:BF6D =:<6 ?2CC2E:G6 E96C2AJ 2==@H 4=:6?ED E@ D92C6 E96:C DE@CJ 2?5 7:?5 >62?:?8[ H9:=6 8C@F?5:?8 6I6C4:D6D 96=A >2?286 @G6CH96=>:?8 766=:?8D] x 2=D@ 6>A92D:K6 4C62E:?8 2 D276[ ?@?;F58>6?E2= DA246 H96C6 2== 6>@E:@?D 2C6 G2=:5 2?5 962=:?8 42? F?7@=5 2E E96 4=:6?E’D A246]“k^Am

k9bmp446AE %92E w62=:?8 %2<6D %:>6k^9bm

kAmvC:67 :D 2 ;@FC?6J J@F 42?’E CFD9] $FCG:G:?8 2 DF:4:56 =@DD​ :D ?@E 2 =:?62C AC@46DD] *@F 42? 766= 4@>A=6E6=J “?@C>2=” @?6 52J[ =:<6 J@F’C6 >2<:?8 AC@8C6DD 2?5 962=:?8[ @?=J E@ 766= =:<6 J@F 42?’E 7F?4E:@? E96 ?6IE] *@FC A2:? H:== 36 52F?E:?8 2?5 2==\6?4@>A2DD:?8 2E E:>6D[ 2?5 E92E’D 4@>A=6E6=J ?@C>2=] q6 A2E:6?E H:E9 J@FCD6=7 2?5 2446AE E92E E96 @?=J E9:?8 J@F 42? C6=J @? :D E96 724E E92E 962=:?8 E2<6D E:>6] *@F >:89E DE:== 92G6 5:77:4F=E 52JD[ 6G6? >@?E9D @C J62CD =2E6C]k^Am

kAmxE’D H@CE9 ?@E:?8 E92E[ D@>6E:>6D[ 562=:?8 H:E9 =@DD 6G@=G6D :?E@ H92E’D <?@H? 2D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]E2=<DA246]4@>^3=@8^4@>A=:42E65\8C:67^Qm4@>A=:42E65 8C:67k^2m] p=D@ 42==65 A6CD:DE6?E 4@>A=6I 36C62G6>6?E 5:D@C56C[ 4@>A=:42E65 8C:67 56D4C:36D A2:?7F= 766=:?8D 2?5 6>@E:@?D E92E =2DE >@C6 E92? 2 J62C 27E6C 2 =@DD] x7 J@F’C6 42CCJ:?8 A2:? 7C@> DF:4:56 8C:67[ 2?5 :E’D 366? @G6C 2 J62C[ 2?5 J@F ;FDE 42?’E D66 2 H2J @FE[ :E >:89E 36 E:>6 E@ D66< AC@76DD:@?2= 96=A] w62=:?8 7C@> 4@>A=:42E65 8C:67 42? 92AA6?[ 3FE J@F >:89E ?665 E@ D66< 4@F?D6=:?8 @C E96C2AJ E@ 86E E96C6]k^Am

k9bm%2<6 qC62<D 7C@> vC:67 (96? *@F }665 %@k^9bm

kAmxE D@F?5D DEC2?86[ 3FE J@F >:89E ?665 E@ E2<6 2 3C62< 7C@> J@FC 8C:67] ~7 4@FCD6[ E9:D 5@6D?’E >62? 7@C86EE:?8 H92E 92AA6?65 @C AC6E6?5:?8 E92E J@F’C6 @G6C E96 =@DD[ 3FE :E’D ~z E@ 8:G6 J@FCD6=7 A6C>:DD:@? E@ DE6A 2H2J 7@C 2 =:EE=6 H9:=6] u:?5:?8 D>2== >@>6?ED @7 A6246 H:== 96=A J@F 962= 2?5 C64@G6C] *@F 42? H2E49 2 >@G:6[ 8@ E@ =F?49 @C 4@7766 H:E9 2 7C:6?5[ @C 5@ 2 9@33J J@F 6?;@J] ~G6C E:>6[ 5@:?8 E9:?8D @FED:56 @7 J@FC 8C:67 H:== 364@>6 62D:6C]k^Am

kAm%2<:?8 2 3C62< 7C@> J@FC 962CE2496 5@6D?’E >62? J@F’C6 7@C86EE:?8 23@FE E96 =@DD] xE 2=D@ 5@6D?’E >62? J@F’C6 >@G:?8 @? E@@ D@@?] xE ;FDE >62?D J@F’C6 2==@H:?8 J@FCD6=7 E96 DA246 2?5 E:>6 J@F ?665 E@ 962=] pE 7:CDE[ J@F >:89E 766= 8F:=EJ 7@C 6?;@J:?8 J@FCD6=7 @C =2F89:?8[ 3FE >@>6?ED =:<6 E96D6 2C6 A2CE @7 962=:?8[ 2?5 E96J’C6 6DD6?E:2= 7@C J@FC H6==\36:?8]k^Am

k9bm*@F’C6 }@E p=@?6—$FAA@CE xD p=H2JD pG2:=23=6k^9bm

kAmvC:6G:?8 27E6C DF:4:56 42? 36 2 =@?6=J[ :D@=2E:?8 6IA6C:6?46[ 3FE DFAA@CE 2?5 96=A 2C6 2G2:=23=6] w62=:?8 :D 2? @?8@:?8 AC@46DD[ D@ :E’D 2== C:89E :7 J@F’C6 DECF88=:?8 C:89E ?@H] %96 >@DE :>A@CE2?E E9:?8 E@ C6>6>36C :D E@ 2D< 7@C 96=A[ H96E96C :E’D 7C@> 2 7C:6?5[ 2 8C:67 4@F?D6=@C[ 2 DFAA@CE 8C@FA[ @C 2 EC2:?65 >6?E2= 962=E9 AC@76DD:@?2=]k^Am

kAmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]E2=<DA246]4@>^3=@8^DF:4:56\8C:67^Qmk6>m%9:D DE@CJk^6>mk^2m k6>mH2D AC@5F465 3Jk^6>m k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]E2=<DA246]4@>^Qmk6>m%2=<DA246k^6>mk^2m k6>m2?5 C6G:6H65 2?5 5:DEC:3FE65 3Jk^6>m k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^9F3D]=2^"_b<=8$#_Q C6=lQ?@7@==@HQmk6>m$E24<6Ck^6>mk^2m]k^Am