How to screen tenants fairly and stay compliant as a small landlord

k9bmkDEC@?8mw@H E@ D4C66? E6?2?ED 72:C=J 2?5 DE2J 4@>A=:2?E 2D 2 D>2== =2?5=@C5k^DEC@?8mk^9bm

kAmpD 2 D>2== =2?5=@C5[ 2 D:?8=6 325 E6?2?E 42? 56G2DE2E6 J@FC 3FD:?6DD] &?=:<6 =2C86 >2?286>6?E 4@>A2?:6D H:E9 5:G6CD:7:65 A@CE7@=:@D 2?5 =682= 56A2CE>6?ED[ J@F 5@?’E 92G6 E96 7:?2?4:2= 4FD9:@? E@ 23D@C3 >@?E9D @7 F?A2:5 C6?E[ 4@DE=J 6G:4E:@? AC@4665:?8D[ @C E9@FD2?5D @7 5@==2CD :? AC@A6CEJ 52>286]k^Am

kAm(96? J@FC =:G6=:9@@5 56A6?5D @? 7:?5:?8 C6=:23=6 E6?2?ED[ E96 E6>AE2E:@? E@ C6=J @? 8FE 766=:?8D[ A6CD@?2= AC676C6?46D[ @C D66>:?8=J “D276” 2DDF>AE:@?D 23@FE 2AA=:42?ED 364@>6D 52?86C@FD=J DEC@?8—3FE E96D6 :?DE:?4ED @7E6? =625 E@ :==682= 5:D4C:>:?2E:@? E92E 42? C6DF=E :? 4@DE=J =2HDF:ED[ 967EJ 7:?6D[ 2?5 52>2865 C6AFE2E:@?D]k^Am

kAm&?56CDE2?5:?8 9@H E@ D4C66? E6?2?ED 72:C=J H9:=6 DE2J:?8 4@>A=:2?E H:E9 2== 2AA=:423=6 =2HD 5@6D?’E 92G6 E@ 36 @G6CH96=>:?8] (:E9 E96 C:89E E@@=D[ <?@H=6586[ 2?5 AC@46DD6D[ J@F 42? 4@?7:56?E=J 6G2=F2E6 2AA=:42?ED[ D6=64E BF2=:7:65 E6?2?ED[ 2?5 AC@E64E J@FCD6=7 7C@> =682= =:23:=:EJ[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^C6?EC65:]4@>^Qm#6?E#65:k^2m C6A@CED]k^Am

k9bm&?56CDE2?5:?8 u2:C w@FD:?8 {2HD 2?5 *@FC {682= ~3=:82E:@?Dk^9bm

kAmu2:C 9@FD:?8 =2HD 6I:DE E@ 6?DFC6 E92E 2== AC@DA64E:G6 E6?2?ED 92G6 6BF2= 2446DD E@ C6?E2= 9@FD:?8 C682C5=6DD @7 E96:C AC@E64E65 492C24E6C:DE:4D] %96D6 =2HD 4C62E6 2 =682= 7C2>6H@C< E92E 27764ED 6G6CJ 2DA64E @7 E96 E6?2?E D4C66?:?8 AC@46DD[ 7C@> 9@H J@F 25G6CE:D6 G242?4:6D E@ E96 4C:E6C:2 J@F FD6 7@C >2<:?8 C6?E2= 564:D:@?D]k^Am

k9bmu656C2= u2:C w@FD:?8 p4E !C@E64E:@?Dk^9bm

kAm%96 u656C2= u2:C w@FD:?8 p4E AC@9:3:ED 5:D4C:>:?2E:@? 32D65 @? D6G6? AC@E64E65 4=2DD6Dik^Am

kF=mk=:m#246k^=:mk=:mr@=@Ck^=:mk=:m#6=:8:@?k^=:mk=:m$6Ik^=:mk=:m}2E:@?2= @C:8:?k^=:mk=:mu2>:=:2= DE2EFDk^=:mk=:ms:D23:=:EJk^=:mk^F=m

kAm%96D6 AC@E64E:@?D 2AA=J E@ G:CEF2==J 2== C6?E2= 9@FD:?8[ H:E9 G6CJ =:>:E65 6I46AE:@?D 7@C @H?6C\@44FA:65 3F:=5:?8D H:E9 7@FC @C 76H6C F?:ED 2?5 D:?8=6\72>:=J 9@>6D C6?E65 H:E9@FE 2 C62= 6DE2E6 286?E]k^Am

kAmxE’D 23D@=FE6=J 6DD6?E:2= 7@C D>2== =2?5=@C5D E@ 92G6 2 7:C> F?56CDE2?5:?8 @7 H92E 4@?DE:EFE6D 5:D4C:>:?2E:@? F?56C 7656C2= =2H] s:D4C:>:?2E:@? 42? 36 :?E6?E:@?2= W5:DA2C2E6 EC62E>6?EX @C F?:?E6?E:@?2= W5:DA2C2E6 :>A24EXik^Am

kAmkDEC@?8ms:DA2C2E6 EC62E>6?Ek^DEC@?8m @44FCD H96? J@F 56=:36C2E6=J EC62E 2AA=:42?ED 5:776C6?E=J 32D65 @? AC@E64E65 492C24E6C:DE:4D]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8ms:DA2C2E6 :>A24Ek^DEC@?8m 92AA6?D H96? D66>:?8=J ?6FEC2= A@=:4:6D 5:DAC@A@CE:@?2E6=J 27764E AC@E64E65 8C@FAD[ 6G6? H:E9@FE 5:D4C:>:?2E@CJ :?E6?E]k^Am

kAm%96 =2H 4@G6CD 2== 2DA64ED @7 E96 C6?E2= AC@46DD[ :?4=F5:?8 25G6CE:D:?8[ 2AA=:42E:@? AC@465FC6D[ D4C66?:?8 4C:E6C:2[ =62D6 E6C>D[ 2?5 @?8@:?8 E6?2?E C6=2E:@?D] tG6? 42DF2= 4@>>6?ED 23@FE AC676CC65 E6?2?E EJA6D @C ?6:893@C9@@5 56>@8C2A9:4D 42? 4C62E6 =682= =:23:=:EJ :7 E96J DF886DE 3:2D 282:?DE AC@E64E65 8C@FAD]k^Am

k9bm$E2E6 2?5 {@42= u2:C w@FD:?8 tIA2?D:@?Dk^9bm

kAm|2?J DE2E6D 2?5 >F?:4:A2=:E:6D 92G6 6IA2?565 72:C 9@FD:?8 AC@E64E:@?D 36J@?5 7656C2= C6BF:C6>6?ED[ @7E6? :?4=F5:?8 255:E:@?2= AC@E64E65 4=2DD6D DF49 2Dik^Am

kF=mk=:m$6IF2= @C:6?E2E:@?k^=:mk=:mv6?56C :56?E:EJk^=:mk=:m$@FC46 @7 :?4@>6k^=:mk=:mrC:>:?2= 9:DE@CJk^=:mk=:mx>>:8C2E:@? DE2EFDk^=:mk^F=m

kAm%96D6 =@42= 6IA2?D:@?D 42? D:8?:7:42?E=J :>A24E J@FC D4C66?:?8 AC@465FC6D 2?5 C6BF:C6 42C67F= 2EE6?E:@? E@ 4@>A=J H:E9 2== 2AA=:423=6 =2HD]k^Am

kAm$@FC46 @7 :?4@>6 AC@E64E:@?[ 7@C 6I2>A=6[ >62?D J@F 86?6C2==J 42??@E C67FD6 2AA=:42?ED H9@ C646:G6 9@FD:?8 G@F496CD[ 5:D23:=:EJ 36?67:ED[ @C @E96C 8@G6C?>6?E 2DD:DE2?46] rC:>:?2= 9:DE@CJ C6DEC:4E:@?D >:89E =:>:E J@FC 23:=:EJ E@ 2FE@>2E:42==J C6;64E 2AA=:42?ED H:E9 46CE2:? EJA6D @7 4@?G:4E:@?D @C C6BF:C6 :?5:G:5F2=:K65 2DD6DD>6?ED C2E96C E92? 3=2?<6E A@=:4:6D]k^Am

k9bm%96 r@DE @7 }@?\r@>A=:2?46k^9bm

kAmu2:C 9@FD:?8 G:@=2E:@?D 42? C6DF=E :? D6G6C6 7:?2?4:2= 2?5 =682= 4@?D6BF6?46D E92E 42? 56G2DE2E6 D>2== =2?5=@C5D] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]6BF2=9@FD:?8]@C8^72:C\9@FD:?8\E@A:4D^A6?2=E:6D\7@C\72:C\9@FD:?8\24E\G:@=2E:@?D^Qmu656C2= A6?2=E:6Dk^2m 42? C6249 Sab[___ 7@C 7:CDE\E:>6 G:@=2E:@?D 2?5 FA E@ S``d[___ 7@C C6A62E @776?D6D] !C:G2E6 =2HDF:ED 42? C6DF=E :? F?=:>:E65 52>286D[ :?4=F5:?8 4@>A6?D2E@CJ 52>286D[ AF?:E:G6 52>286D[ 2?5 2EE@C?6J 766D]k^Am

kAmq6J@?5 7:?2?4:2= A6?2=E:6D[ 72:C 9@FD:?8 G:@=2E:@?D 42? 52>286 J@FC C6AFE2E:@?[ 4C62E6 @?8@:?8 =682= 4@>A=:42E:@?D[ 2?5 C6DF=E :? 4@FCE\@C56C65 492?86D E@ J@FC C6?E2= AC24E:46D] %96 E:>6[ DEC6DD[ 2?5 4@DED 2DD@4:2E65 H:E9 5676?5:?8 282:?DE 5:D4C:>:?2E:@? 4=2:>D @7E6? 72C 6I4665 E96 6IA6?D6 @7 :>A=6>6?E:?8 AC@A6C D4C66?:?8 AC@465FC6D 7C@> E96 368:??:?8]k^Am

k9bmtDE23=:D9:?8 {682= $4C66?:?8 rC:E6C:2k^9bm

kAm%96 36DE H2J E@ C6>2:? 4@>A=:2?E H:E9 72:C 9@FD:?8 =2HD :D E@ 4C62E6 4=62C[ @3;64E:G6 E6?2?E D4C66?:?8 4C:E6C:2] *@FC 4C:E6C:2 D9@F=5 36 C6=2E65 E@ 2? 2AA=:42?E’D 23:=:EJ E@ 36 2 DF446DD7F= E6?2?E 2?5 2AA=:65 4@?D:DE6?E=J E@ 2== 2AA=:42?ED C682C5=6DD @7 E96:C AC@E64E65 492C24E6C:DE:4D]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8mx?4@>6 2?5 6>A=@J>6?E C6BF:C6>6?EDk^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAmx?4@>6 C6BF:C6>6?ED 2C6 2>@?8 E96 >@DE 4@>>@? 2?5 =682==J 5676?D:3=6 D4C66?:?8 4C:E6C:2] |@DE =2?5=@C5D C6BF:C6 E6?2?ED E@ 62C? 36EH66? a]d E@ b E:>6D E96 >@?E9=J C6?E :? 8C@DD :?4@>6[ H9:49 96=AD 6?DFC6 E96J 42? 277@C5 E96 C6?E2= A2J>6?ED] w@H6G6C[ J@F >FDE 2AA=J E96D6 C6BF:C6>6?ED 4@?D:DE6?E=J 2?5 4@?D:56C 2== =682= D@FC46D @7 :?4@>6[ :?4=F5:?8 6>A=@J>6?E[ D6=7\6>A=@J>6?E[ 8@G6C?>6?E 36?67:ED[ 2?5 @E96C G6C:7:23=6 :?4@>6 D@FC46D]k^Am

kAm(96? 6G2=F2E:?8 6>A=@J>6?E 9:DE@CJ[ 7@4FD @? :?4@>6 DE23:=:EJ 2?5 C6=:23:=:EJ C2E96C E92? DA64:7:4 ;@3 EJA6D @C 6>A=@J6CD] #6BF:C:?8 2 46CE2:? =6?8E9 @7 6>A=@J>6?E 9:DE@CJ :D 86?6C2==J 2446AE23=6[ 3FE 36 42C67F= ?@E E@ :?25G6CE6?E=J 5:D4C:>:?2E6 282:?DE A6@A=6 :? 46CE2:? AC@76DD:@?D @C E9@D6 H:E9 ?@?\EC25:E:@?2= 6>A=@J>6?E 2CC2?86>6?ED]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8mrC65:E D4@C6 2?5 7:?2?4:2= 9:DE@CJ DE2?52C5Dk^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAmrC65:E D4@C6 C6BF:C6>6?ED 42? 36 2? 67764E:G6 D4C66?:?8 E@@=[ 3FE =:<6 :?4@>6 C6BF:C6>6?ED[ E96J >FDE 36 2AA=:65 72:C=J 2?5 4@?D:DE6?E=J] tDE23=:D9 >:?:>F> 4C65:E D4@C6 C6BF:C6>6?ED 32D65 @? =68:E:>2E6 3FD:?6DD C62D@?D[ DF49 2D AC65:4E:?8 E96 =:<6=:9@@5 @7 E:>6=J C6?E A2J>6?ED]k^Am

kAm(96? C6G:6H:?8 4C65:E C6A@CED[ 7@4FD @? 724E@CD >@DE C6=6G2?E E@ C6?E2= A6C7@C>2?46[ =:<6 A2J>6?E 9:DE@CJ[ 563E\E@\:?4@>6 C2E:@D[ 2?5 2?J AC:@C C6?E2=\C6=2E65 563ED @C 6G:4E:@?D] q6 AC6A2C65 E@ 4@?D:56C 6IA=2?2E:@?D 7@C ?682E:G6 4C65:E 6G6?ED[ A2CE:4F=2C=J E9@D6 C6=2E65 E@ >65:42= 6IA6?D6D[ 5:G@C46[ @C @E96C 4:C4F>DE2?46D 36J@?5 E96 2AA=:42?E’D 4@?EC@=]k^Am

kAmr@?D:56C :>A=6>6?E:?8 2=E6C?2E:G6 4C65:E 6G2=F2E:@? >6E9@5D 7@C 2AA=:42?ED H:E9 =:>:E65 4C65:E 9:DE@CJ[ =:<6 C6BF:C:?8 255:E:@?2= D64FC:EJ 56A@D:ED[ 4@\D:8?6CD[ @C AC6A2:5 C6?E] %96D6 244@>>@52E:@?D 42? 96=A J@F H@C< H:E9 BF2=:7:65 2AA=:42?ED H9@ >:89E ?@E >66E EC25:E:@?2= 4C65:E C6BF:C6>6?ED H9:=6 DE:== AC@E64E:?8 J@FC :?E6C6DED]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8mrC:>:?2= 324<8C@F?5 4964< A@=:4:6Dk^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAmrC:>:?2= 324<8C@F?5 4964<D 2C6 @?6 @7 E96 >@DE =682==J 4@>A=6I 2DA64ED @7 E6?2?E D4C66?:?8] (9:=6 =2?5=@C5D 86?6C2==J 92G6 E96 C:89E E@ 4@?D:56C 4C:>:?2= 9:DE@CJ[ 3=2?<6E A@=:4:6D E92E 2FE@>2E:42==J C6;64E 2== 2AA=:42?ED H:E9 2?J 4C:>:?2= C64@C5 42? G:@=2E6 72:C 9@FD:?8 =2HD 5F6 E@ 5:DA2C2E6 :>A24E @? AC@E64E65 8C@FAD]k^Am

kAmq6DE AC24E:46D 7@C 4C:>:?2= k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^C6?EC65:]4@>^3=@8^E6?2?E\D4C66?:?8\DFCG6J\EC6?5D^Qm324<8C@F?5 D4C66?:?8k^2m :?4=F56 7@4FD:?8 @? C646?E 4@?G:4E:@?D[ 4@?D:56C:?8 E96 ?2EFC6 2?5 D6G6C:EJ @7 @776?D6D[ 6G2=F2E:?8 E96 C6=2E:@?D9:A 36EH66? 4C:>:?2= 4@?5F4E 2?5 E6?2?E DF:E23:=:EJ[ 2?5 AC@G:5:?8 @AA@CEF?:E:6D 7@C :?5:G:5F2=:K65 2DD6DD>6?ED] u@C 6I2>A=6[ 7:?2?4:2= 4C:>6D >:89E 36 >@C6 C6=6G2?E E@ C6?E2= 564:D:@?D E92? >:?@C 5CF8 @776?D6D 7C@> >2?J J62CD 28@]k^Am

kAm|2?J ;FC:D5:4E:@?D 92G6 :>A=6>6?E65 “32? E96 3@I” =2HD E92E C6DEC:4E H96? 2?5 9@H J@F 42? :?BF:C6 23@FE 4C:>:?2= 9:DE@CJ] $@>6 2C62D AC@9:3:E 4C:>:?2= 324<8C@F?5 BF6DE:@?D @? :?:E:2= 2AA=:42E:@?D[ H9:=6 @E96CD =:>:E E96 EJA6D @7 4@?G:4E:@?D J@F 42? 4@?D:56C @C C6BF:C6 DA64:7:4 AC@465FC6D 7@C 6G2=F2E:?8 4C:>:?2= 9:DE@CJ]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8m#6?E2= 9:DE@CJ 2?5 C676C6?46Dk^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAm!C6G:@FD C6?E2= 9:DE@CJ @7E6? AC@G:56D E96 36DE AC65:4E@C @7 7FEFC6 E6?2?E 3692G:@C] (96? 6G2=F2E:?8 C6?E2= 9:DE@CJ[ =@@< 7@C E:>6=J C6?E A2J>6?ED[ 4@>A=:2?46 H:E9 =62D6 E6C>D[ AC@A6CEJ 42C6[ 2?5 A@D:E:G6 C6=2E:@?D9:AD H:E9 AC6G:@FD =2?5=@C5D] w@H6G6C[ 36 42C67F= ?@E E@ A6?2=:K6 2AA=:42?ED H9@ =24< EC25:E:@?2= C6?E2= 9:DE@CJ[ DF49 2D 7:CDE\E:>6 C6?E6CD @C E9@D6 EC2?D:E:@?:?8 7C@> 9@>6@H?6CD9:A]k^Am

kAm#676C6?46 4964<D D9@F=5 7@4FD @? @3;64E:G6[ G6C:7:23=6 :?7@C>2E:@? C2E96C E92? DF3;64E:G6 @A:?:@?D E92E >:89E C67=64E A6CD@?2= 3:2D6D] pD< DA64:7:4 BF6DE:@?D 23@FE C6?E A2J>6?E 9:DE@CJ[ =62D6 4@>A=:2?46[ AC@A6CEJ 4@?5:E:@?[ 2?5 2?J :DDF6D E92E 2C@D6 5FC:?8 E96 E6?2?4J] s@4F>6?E 2== C676C6?46 4@?G6CD2E:@?D E@ >2:?E2:? C64@C5D @7 J@FC 564:D:@?\>2<:?8 AC@46DD]k^Am

kAmu@C 2AA=:42?ED H:E9@FE EC25:E:@?2= C6?E2= 9:DE@CJ[ 4@?D:56C 2=E6C?2E:G6 C676C6?46D DF49 2D >@CE8286 A2J>6?E 9:DE@CJ[ FE:=:EJ A2J>6?E C64@C5D[ @C 492C24E6C C676C6?46D 7C@> 6>A=@J6CD @C 4@>>F?:EJ >6>36CD] %96D6 2=E6C?2E:G6D 42? AC@G:56 :?D:89E :?E@ 2? 2AA=:42?E’D C6=:23:=:EJ 2?5 C6DA@?D:3:=:EJ]k^Am

k9bm%96 pAA=:42E:@? !C@46DDi q6DE !C24E:46D 7@C r@>A=:2?46k^9bm

kAmp H6==\56D:8?65 2AA=:42E:@? AC@46DD AC@E64ED 3@E9 J@F 2?5 J@FC 2AA=:42?ED 3J 6?DFC:?8 4@?D:DE6?E EC62E>6?E 2?5 AC@A6C 5@4F>6?E2E:@?] *@FC 2AA=:42E:@? AC@465FC6D D9@F=5 36 EC2?DA2C6?E[ 677:4:6?E[ 2?5 =682==J 4@>A=:2?E H9:=6 82E96C:?8 E96 :?7@C>2E:@? J@F ?665 E@ >2<6 :?7@C>65 564:D:@?D]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8mrC62E:?8 4@>A=:2?E 2AA=:42E:@? >2E6C:2=Dk^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAm*@FC C6?E2= 2AA=:42E:@? D9@F=5 4@==64E @?=J :?7@C>2E:@? E92E’D =682==J A6C>:DD:3=6 2?5 C6=6G2?E E@ E6?2?E D6=64E:@?] x?4=F56 D64E:@?D 7@C A6CD@?2= :?7@C>2E:@?[ 6>A=@J>6?E 2?5 :?4@>6 56E2:=D[ C6?E2= 9:DE@CJ[ 2?5 C676C6?46D] pG@:5 BF6DE:@?D 23@FE AC@E64E65 492C24E6C:DE:4D DF49 2D C246[ C6=:8:@?[ ?2E:@?2= @C:8:?[ @C 72>:=J 4@>A@D:E:@? E92E 2C6?’E 5:C64E=J C6=2E65 E@ C6?E2= BF2=:7:42E:@?D]k^Am

kAmq6 42C67F= 23@FE D66>:?8=J :??@46?E BF6DE:@?D E92E >:89E :?5:C64E=J C6G62= AC@E64E65 :?7@C>2E:@?] u@C 6I2>A=6[ 2D<:?8 23@FE 2? 2AA=:42?E’D 3:CE9A=246 4@F=5 C6G62= ?2E:@?2= @C:8:?[ H9:=6 BF6DE:@?D 23@FE 6>6C86?4J 4@?E24ED >:89E :?5:42E6 72>:=:2= DE2EFD] u@4FD @? :?7@C>2E:@? 5:C64E=J C6=2E65 E@ E96 2AA=:42?E’D 23:=:EJ E@ 7F=7:== =62D6 @3=:82E:@?D]k^Am

kAmr@?D:56C FD:?8 DE2?52C5:K65 2AA=:42E:@? 7@C>D E92E 6?DFC6 4@?D:DE6?4J 24C@DD 2== 2AA=:42?ED] s:8:E2= A=2E7@C>D ?@E @?=J >2:?E2:? F?:7@C>:EJ 2?5 D64FC6=J DE@C6 D6?D:E:G6 A6CD@?2= :?7@C>2E:@?[ 3FE 2=D@ 2==@H =2?5=@C5D E@ 4FDE@>:K6 E96:C 2AA=:42E:@?D] %9:D >62?D J@F 42? 2D< E96 BF6DE:@?D E92E >2EE6C >@DE E@ J@FC C6?E2= AC@46DD H9:=6 DE2J:?8 2=:8?65 H:E9 DA64:7:4 DE2E6 2?5 =@42= =682= C6BF:C6>6?ED]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8ms@4F>6?E2E:@? 2?5 C64@C5\<66A:?8k^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAm!C@A6C 5@4F>6?E2E:@? :D 6DD6?E:2= 7@C 56>@?DEC2E:?8 72:C 9@FD:?8 4@>A=:2?46 2?5 5676?5:?8 J@FC C6?E2= 564:D:@?D :7 492==6?865] |2:?E2:? 56E2:=65 C64@C5D @7 2== 2AA=:42E:@?D C646:G65[ D4C66?:?8 4C:E6C:2 2AA=:65[ 2?5 E96 32D:D 7@C 2AAC@G2= @C 56?:2= 564:D:@?D] %9:D 5@4F>6?E2E:@? D9@F=5 36 @3;64E:G6 2?5 7@4FD @? =68:E:>2E6 3FD:?6DD C62D@?D 7@C J@FC 564:D:@?D]k^Am

kAm*@F 42? @C82?:K6 D4C66?:?8 C6DF=ED 2?5 C6?E2= 564:D:@?D 3J FD:?8 5@4F>6?E DE@C286 42A23:=:E:6D :? AC@A6CEJ >2?286>6?E A=2E7@C>D] $4C66?:?8 C6A@CED :?4=F56 :?7@C>2E:@? 23@FE 4C65:E D4@C6D[ :?4@>6 G6C:7:42E:@?[ C6?E2= 9:DE@CJ[ 324<8C@F?5 4964< C6DF=ED[ 2?5 C676C6?46 7665324<] pG@:5 DF3;64E:G6 4@>>6?ED @C A6CD@?2= @3D6CG2E:@?D E92E >:89E DF886DE 3:2D @C 5:D4C:>:?2E:@?]k^Am

kAmtDE23=:D9 4@?D:DE6?E C64@C5 C6E6?E:@? A@=:4:6D E92E 4@>A=J H:E9 =682= C6BF:C6>6?ED :? J@FC 2C62] u2:C 9@FD:?8 C64@C5D D9@F=5 EJA:42==J 36 >2:?E2:?65 7@C 2E =62DE EH@ J62CD[ E9@F89 D@>6 ;FC:D5:4E:@?D C6BF:C6 =@?86C C6E6?E:@? A6C:@5D]k^Am

k9bmr@?5F4E:?8 q24<8C@F?5 r964<D {682==J 2?5 t7764E:G6=Jk^9bm

kAmq24<8C@F?5 4964<D 2C6 2 4C:E:42= 4@>A@?6?E @7 E6?2?E D4C66?:?8[ 3FE E96J >FDE 36 4@?5F4E65 :? 4@>A=:2?46 H:E9 E96 u2:C rC65:E #6A@CE:?8 p4E Wur#pX 2?5 @E96C 2AA=:423=6 =2HD] &?56CDE2?5:?8 J@FC =682= @3=:82E:@?D 2?5 FD:?8 C6AFE23=6 D4C66?:?8 D6CG:46D 96=AD 6?DFC6 J@F @3E2:? C6=:23=6 :?7@C>2E:@? H9:=6 AC@E64E:?8 2AA=:42?E C:89ED]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8mur#p 4@>A=:2?46 C6BF:C6>6?EDk^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAm%96 u2:C rC65:E #6A@CE:?8 p4E C68F=2E6D 9@H J@F 42? FD6 4@?DF>6C C6A@CED[ :?4=F5:?8 4C65:E C6A@CED 2?5 324<8C@F?5 4964<D[ :? E6?2?E D4C66?:?8] ur#p 4@>A=:2?46 C6BF:C6D D6G6C2= DA64:7:4 DE6AD[ :?4=F5:?8 @3E2:?:?8 HC:EE6? 4@?D6?E 7C@> 2AA=:42?ED[ AC@G:5:?8 C6BF:C65 5:D4=@DFC6D[ 2?5 7@==@H:?8 AC@A6C AC@465FC6D H96? 56?J:?8 2AA=:42E:@?D 32D65 @? C6A@CE :?7@C>2E:@?]k^Am

kAmq67@C6 @C56C:?8 2?J 4@?DF>6C C6A@CED[ J@F >FDE AC@G:56 2AA=:42?ED H:E9 2 4=62C 5:D4=@DFC6 E92E J@F >2J @3E2:? C6A@CED 7@C E6?2?E D4C66?:?8 AFCA@D6D 2?5 @3E2:? E96:C HC:EE6? 2FE9@C:K2E:@?] %9:D 5:D4=@DFC6 >FDE 36 AC@G:565 @? 2 D6A2C2E6 5@4F>6?E E92E 4@?E2:?D ?@ @E96C :?7@C>2E:@?[ 6?DFC:?8 2AA=:42?ED F?56CDE2?5 H92E E96J’C6 4@?D6?E:?8 E@]k^Am

kAmx7 J@F 564:56 E@ 56?J 2? 2AA=:42E:@? 32D65 A2CE:2==J @C 6?E:C6=J @? :?7@C>2E:@? :? 2 4@?DF>6C C6A@CE[ J@F >FDE AC@G:56 E96 2AA=:42?E H:E9 2? 25G6CD6 24E:@? ?@E:46] %9:D ?@E:46 >FDE :?4=F56 E96 ?2>6 2?5 4@?E24E :?7@C>2E:@? @7 E96 C6A@CE:?8 286?4J[ 2 DE2E6>6?E E92E E96 286?4J 5:5?’E >2<6 E96 564:D:@?[ 2?5 :?7@C>2E:@? 23@FE E96 2AA=:42?E’D C:89E E@ @3E2:? 2 7C66 4@AJ @7 E96 C6A@CE 2?5 5:DAFE6 :?244FC2E6 :?7@C>2E:@?]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8mr9@@D:?8 C6=:23=6 D4C66?:?8 D6CG:46Dk^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAm!C@76DD:@?2= E6?2?E D4C66?:?8 D6CG:46D AC@G:56 4@>AC696?D:G6 324<8C@F?5 :?7@C>2E:@? H9:=6 >2:?E2:?:?8 ur#p 4@>A=:2?46 2?5 72:C 9@FD:?8 36DE AC24E:46D] (96? D6=64E:?8 2 D4C66?:?8 AC@G:56C[ =@@< 7@C 4@>A2?:6D E92E A2CE?6C H:E9 >2;@C 4C65:E 3FC62FD[ 2446DD 6IE6?D:G6 4C:>:?2= 2?5 6G:4E:@? 52E232D6D[ 2?5 AC@G:56 4=62C[ 62DJ\E@\F?56CDE2?5 C6A@CED]k^Am

kAm"F2=:EJ D4C66?:?8 D6CG:46D D9@F=5 @776C 4@>AC696?D:G6 4C65:E C6A@CED H:E9 C6?E2=\DA64:7:4 D4@C:?8[ 4C:>:?2= 324<8C@F?5 4964<D 4@G6C:?8 >F=E:A=6 ;FC:D5:4E:@?D[ 2?5 6G:4E:@? 9:DE@CJ 7C@> 6IE6?D:G6 52E232D6D] {@@< 7@C AC@G:56CD E92E 2446DD @G6C bf_ >:==:@? 4C:>:?2= C64@C5D 2?5 >:==:@?D @7 6G:4E:@? C64@C5D 4@G6C:?8 2== d_ DE2E6D 7@C E96 >@DE 4@>A=6E6 A:4EFC6 @7 2AA=:42?E 324<8C@F?5D]k^Am

kAmr@?D:56C D4C66?:?8 D6CG:46D E92E :?E68C2E6 H:E9 AC@A6CEJ >2?286>6?E A=2E7@C>D 2?5 AC@G:56 DE2?52C5:K65 C6A@CE 7@C>2ED E92E 2C6 62D:=J F?56CDE@@5 2?5 4@?D:DE6?E=J 2AA=:65] !C@76DD:@?2= D4C66?:?8 D6CG:46D 2=D@ EJA:42==J >2:?E2:? 36EE6C =682= 4@>A=:2?46 2?5 AC@G:56 4FDE@>6C DFAA@CE E@ 96=A J@F F?56CDE2?5 2?5 FD6 D4C66?:?8 :?7@C>2E:@? 2AAC@AC:2E6=J]k^Am

k9bm|2<:?8 u2:C 2?5 s676?D:3=6 #6?E2= s64:D:@?Dk^9bm

kAm%96 564:D:@?\>2<:?8 A92D6 @7 E6?2?E D4C66?:?8 :D H96C6 72:C 9@FD:?8 4@>A=:2?46 364@>6D >@DE 4C:E:42=] *@FC C6?E2= 564:D:@?D >FDE 36 32D65 @? @3;64E:G6 4C:E6C:2 2AA=:65 4@?D:DE6?E=J E92E C6=2E6 E@ =68:E:>2E6 3FD:?6DD :?E6C6DED C2E96C E92? A6CD@?2= AC676C6?46D @C AC@E64E65 492C24E6C:DE:4D]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8ms6G6=@A:?8 4@?D:DE6?E 564:D:@?\>2<:?8 AC@46DD6Dk^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAmrC62E6 DE2?52C5:K65 AC@465FC6D 7@C 6G2=F2E:?8 2AA=:42E:@?D 2?5 >2<:?8 C6?E2= 564:D:@?D] &D6 D4@C:?8 DJDE6>D @C 4964<=:DED E92E @3;64E:G6=J 6G2=F2E6 6249 2AA=:42?E 282:?DE J@FC AC656E6C>:?65 4C:E6C:2] %9:D DJDE6>2E:4 2AAC@249 96=AD 6?DFC6 4@?D:DE6?E EC62E>6?E H9:=6 5@4F>6?E:?8 J@FC 564:D:@?\>2<:?8 AC@46DD]k^Am

kAmr@?D:56C :>A=6>6?E:?8 2 A@:?E\32D65 DJDE6> E92E 2DD:8?D ?F>6C:42= G2=F6D E@ 5:776C6?E 4C:E6C:2 DF49 2D 4C65:E D4@C6[ :?4@>6 =6G6=[ C6?E2= 9:DE@CJ[ 2?5 6>A=@J>6?E DE23:=:EJ] %9:D 2AAC@249 42? 96=A C6>@G6 DF3;64E:G6 ;F58>6?E 7C@> E96 564:D:@?\>2<:?8 AC@46DD H9:=6 6?DFC:?8 E92E 2== C6=6G2?E 724E@CD 2C6 4@?D:56C65 2AAC@AC:2E6=J]k^Am

kAms@4F>6?E E96 DA64:7:4 C62D@?D 7@C 6249 C6?E2= 564:D:@?[ H96E96C A@D:E:G6 @C ?682E:G6] u@C 2AAC@G65 2AA=:42E:@?D[ ?@E6 E96 DEC6?8E9D E92E =65 E@ 2446AE2?46] u@C 56?:65 2AA=:42E:@?D[ 4=62C=J 5@4F>6?E E96 @3;64E:G6 C62D@?D 7@C C6;64E:@? 32D65 @? J@FC 6DE23=:D965 4C:E6C:2] pG@:5 DF3;64E:G6 4@>>6?ED @C A6CD@?2= @3D6CG2E:@?D E92E >:89E DF886DE 5:D4C:>:?2E@CJ :?E6?E]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8m!C@G:5:?8 25G6CD6 24E:@? ?@E:46Dk^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAm(96? J@F 56?J 2 C6?E2= 2AA=:42E:@?[ AC@A6C ?@E:7:42E:@? :D 3@E9 2 =682= C6BF:C6>6?E 2?5 2 AC@76DD:@?2= 4@FCE6DJ] p5G6CD6 24E:@? ?@E:46D >FDE :?4=F56 E96 DA64:7:4 C62D@?D 7@C 56?:2=[ H96E96C E96J’C6 32D65 @? 4C65:E C6A@CED[ 324<8C@F?5 4964<D[ @C @E96C 724E@CD] v6?6C:4 C6;64E:@? =6EE6CD 5@?’E >66E =682= C6BF:C6>6?ED 2?5 42? 4C62E6 72:C 9@FD:?8 =:23:=:EJ]k^Am

kAmu@4FD @? @3;64E:G6[ 4C:E6C:2\32D65 C62D@?D 7@C 56?:2= DF49 2D :?DF77:4:6?E :?4@>6[ ?682E:G6 4C65:E 9:DE@CJ[ @C A@@C C6?E2= C676C6?46D] pG@:5 DF3;64E:G6 =2?8F286 @C A6CD@?2= @A:?:@?D E92E >:89E DF886DE 5:D4C:>:?2E@CJ :?E6?E] q6 DA64:7:4 6?@F89 E92E 2AA=:42?ED F?56CDE2?5 E96 32D:D 7@C J@FC 564:D:@? H9:=6 C6>2:?:?8 AC@76DD:@?2= 2?5 C6DA64E7F=]k^Am

kAmx?4=F56 :?7@C>2E:@? 23@FE 2AA=:42?ED’ C:89ED E@ @3E2:? 4@A:6D @7 C6A@CED FD65 :? J@FC 564:D:@? 2?5 E@ 5:DAFE6 2?J :?244FC2E6 :?7@C>2E:@?] %9:D 56>@?DEC2E6D 4@>A=:2?46 H:E9 ur#p C6BF:C6>6?ED H9:=6 AC@G:5:?8 2AA=:42?ED H:E9 C6D@FC46D E@ 255C6DD 2?J :DDF6D E92E >:89E 27764E 7FEFC6 C6?E2= 2AA=:42E:@?D]k^Am

k9bmr@>>@? r@>A=:2?46 |:DE2<6D 2?5 w@H E@ pG@:5 %96>k^9bm

kAmtG6? H6==\:?E6?E:@?65 =2?5=@C5D 42? >2<6 4@DE=J 4@>A=:2?46 >:DE2<6D 5FC:?8 E96 E6?2?E D4C66?:?8 AC@46DD] &?56CDE2?5:?8 E96 >@DE 4@>>@? A:E72==D 96=AD J@F :>A=6>6?E AC@465FC6D E92E AC@E64E 3@E9 J@FC 3FD:?6DD 2?5 AC@DA64E:G6 E6?2?ED’ C:89ED]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8mx?4@?D:DE6?E 2AA=:42E:@? @7 4C:E6C:2k^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAm~?6 @7 E96 >@DE 7C6BF6?E 72:C 9@FD:?8 G:@=2E:@?D @44FCD H96? =2?5=@C5D 2AA=J D4C66?:?8 4C:E6C:2 :?4@?D:DE6?E=J 24C@DD 5:776C6?E 2AA=:42?ED] %9:D >:89E :?G@=G6 C6BF:C:?8 9:896C :?4@>6 =6G6=D 7C@> 46CE2:? 2AA=:42?ED[ 2446AE:?8 2=E6C?2E:G6 5@4F>6?E2E:@? 7C@> D@>6 2AA=:42?ED 3FE ?@E @E96CD[ @C G2CJ:?8 4C65:E D4@C6 C6BF:C6>6?ED 32D65 @? A6CD@?2= AC676C6?46D]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8mr@>>@? :?4@?D:DE6?4J >:DE2<6Dk^DEC@?8mk^Am

kF=mk=:mkDEC@?8mu=6I:3=6 DE2?52C5D 7@C AC676CC65 2AA=:42?EDk^DEC@?8mi #6=2I:?8 :?4@>6 C6BF:C6>6?ED @C 4C65:E DE2?52C5D 7@C 2AA=:42?ED J@F A6CD@?2==J AC676C H9:=6 >2:?E2:?:?8 DEC:4E C6BF:C6>6?ED 7@C @E96CD 4C62E6D 4=62C 6G:56?46 @7 5:D4C:>:?2E@CJ EC62E>6?E]k^=:mk=:mkDEC@?8m$6=64E:G6 5@4F>6?E2E:@? C6BF:C6>6?EDk^DEC@?8mi p446AE:?8 G6C32= 6>A=@J>6?E G6C:7:42E:@? 7C@> D@>6 2AA=:42?ED H9:=6 C6BF:C:?8 HC:EE6? 5@4F>6?E2E:@? 7C@> @E96CD[ @C 2==@H:?8 D@>6 2AA=:42?ED E@ AC@G:56 2=E6C?2E:G6 :?4@>6 AC@@7 H9:=6 C6;64E:?8 D:>:=2C 5@4F>6?E2E:@? 7C@> 5:776C6?E 2AA=:42?ED]k^=:mk=:mkDEC@?8m'2C:23=6 AC@46DD:?8 E:>6=:?6Dk^DEC@?8mi %2<:?8 =@?86C E@ AC@46DD 2AA=:42E:@?D 7C@> 46CE2:? 2AA=:42?ED @C CFD9:?8 564:D:@?D 7@C AC676CC65 42?5:52E6D H9:=6 56=2J:?8 @E96CD 42? :?5:42E6 5:D4C:>:?2E@CJ :?E6?E 2?5 G:@=2E6 72:C 9@FD:?8 AC:?4:A=6D]k^=:mk^F=m

kAm%@ 2G@:5 E96D6 >:DE2<6D[ 5@4F>6?E J@FC D4C66?:?8 4C:E6C:2 4=62C=J 2?5 2AA=J E96> F?:7@C>=J E@ 6G6CJ 2AA=:42?E] &D6 4964<=:DED @C DE2?52C5:K65 7@C>D E@ 6?DFC6 4@?D:DE6?E 6G2=F2E:@? AC@46DD6D 2?5 >2:?E2:? C64@C5D D9@H:?8 E92E 2== 2AA=:42?ED H6C6 EC62E65 244@C5:?8 E@ E96 D2>6 DE2?52C5D]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8mx?2AAC@AC:2E6 BF6DE:@?D 2?5 4@>>6?EDk^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAmu2:C 9@FD:?8 G:@=2E:@?D @7E6? @44FC E9C@F89 D66>:?8=J :??@46?E BF6DE:@?D @C 42DF2= 4@>>6?ED E92E C6G62= 5:D4C:>:?2E@CJ :?E6?E @C 3:2D] %96D6 4@>>F?:42E:@?D 42? 4C62E6 =682= =:23:=:EJ 6G6? H96? E96J 5@?’E 5:C64E=J :?7=F6?46 C6?E2= 564:D:@?D]k^Am

kAmtI2>A=6D @7 AC@3=6>2E:4 4@>>F?:42E:@?D :?4=F56 2D<:?8 23@FE 72>:=J 4@>A@D:E:@?[ 4@>>6?E:?8 @? 2AA=:42?ED’ 2446?ED @C ?2>6D[ :?BF:C:?8 23@FE C6=:8:@FD AC24E:46D @C 5:6E2CJ C6DEC:4E:@?D[ @C >2<:?8 2DDF>AE:@?D 23@FE =:76DEJ=6 AC676C6?46D 32D65 @? AC@E64E65 492C24E6C:DE:4D] tG6? A@D:E:G6 DE6C6@EJA6D @C H6==\:?E6?E:@?65 4@>>6?ED 42? 4C62E6 =682= AC@3=6>D]k^Am

kAm%C2:? J@FCD6=7 E@ 7@4FD 4@?G6CD2E:@?D H:E9 2AA=:42?ED @? AC@A6CEJ 762EFC6D[ =62D6 E6C>D[ 2?5 @3;64E:G6 BF2=:7:42E:@? C6BF:C6>6?ED] pG@:5 A6CD@?2= BF6DE:@?D @C @3D6CG2E:@?D E92E 2C6?’E 5:C64E=J C6=2E65 E@ C6?E2= BF2=:7:42E:@?D[ 2?5 >2:?E2:? AC@76DD:@?2= 3@F?52C:6D E9C@F89@FE 2== :?E6C24E:@?D]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8m!@@C 5@4F>6?E2E:@? AC24E:46Dk^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAmx?256BF2E6 C64@C5\<66A:?8 42? >2<6 :E :>A@DD:3=6 E@ 5676?5 =68:E:>2E6 C6?E2= 564:D:@?D 2?5 42? 4C62E6 E96 2AA62C2?46 @7 5:D4C:>:?2E@CJ AC24E:46D 6G6? H96? ?@?6 6I:DE65] r@>>@? 5@4F>6?E2E:@? 72:=FC6D :?4=F56 >:DD:?8 2AA=:42E:@? >2E6C:2=D[ :?4@>A=6E6 D4C66?:?8 C64@C5D[ 2?5 DF3;64E:G6 ?@E6D E92E DF886DE 3:2D]k^Am

kAm|2:?E2:? 4@>AC696?D:G6 7:=6D 7@C 2== 2AA=:42?ED E92E :?4=F56 4@>A=6E65 2AA=:42E:@?D[ D4C66?:?8 C6A@CED[ C676C6?46 G6C:7:42E:@? C64@C5D[ 2?5 5@4F>6?E2E:@? @7 J@FC C6?E2= 564:D:@? H:E9 DA64:7:4 C62D@?D] pG@:5 92?5HC:EE6? ?@E6D H:E9 DF3;64E:G6 @3D6CG2E:@?D[ A6CD@?2= @A:?:@?D[ @C 4@>>6?ED 23@FE AC@E64E65 492C24E6C:DE:4D]k^Am

kAmr@?D:56C :>A=6>6?E:?8 DE2?52C5:K65 7@C>D 7@C 2== 2DA64ED @7 E96 D4C66?:?8 AC@46DD[ 7C@> 2AA=:42E:@? C646:AE E9C@F89 7:?2= 564:D:@? ?@E:7:42E:@?] %96D6 7@C>D 96=A 6?DFC6 4@>A=6E6 5@4F>6?E2E:@? H9:=6 >2:?E2:?:?8 AC@76DD:@?2=[ @3;64E:G6 C64@C5D @7 J@FC 564:D:@?\>2<:?8 AC@46DD]k^Am

k9bm%649?@=@8J $@=FE:@?D 7@C r@>A=:2?E $4C66?:?8k^9bm

kAm|@56C? AC@A6CEJ >2?286>6?E E649?@=@8J 42? D:8?:7:42?E=J :>AC@G6 3@E9 E96 677:4:6?4J 2?5 4@>A=:2?46 @7 J@FC E6?2?E D4C66?:?8 AC@46DD] s:8:E2= A=2E7@C>D AC@G:56 DE2?52C5:K65 AC@465FC6D[ 2FE@>2E65 4@>A=:2?46 762EFC6D[ 2?5 4@>AC696?D:G6 5@4F>6?E2E:@? E@ 96=A AC@E64E J@F 7C@> 72:C 9@FD:?8 G:@=2E:@?D]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8ms:8:E2= pAA=:42E:@? !=2E7@C>Dk^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAm~?=:?6 2AA=:42E:@? A=2E7@C>D 96=A 6?DFC6 4@?D:DE6?E 4@==64E:@? @7 :?7@C>2E:@? 7C@> 2== 2AA=:42?ED H9:=6 >2:?E2:?:?8 D64FC6 DE@C286 @7 D6?D:E:G6 A6CD@?2= 52E2] %96D6 DJDE6>D 42? :?4=F56 3F:=E\:? 4@>A=:2?46 762EFC6D DF49 2D 2FE@>2E:4 72:C 9@FD:?8 5:D4=@DFC6D[ 2AA=:42E:@? 7@C>D[ 2?5 DJDE6>2E:4 AC@46DD:?8 H@C<7=@HD]k^Am

kAms:8:E2= A=2E7@C>D @7E6? :?E68C2E6 H:E9 D4C66?:?8 D6CG:46D[ 2==@H:?8 D62>=6DD @C56C:?8 @7 324<8C@F?5 4964<D 2?5 4C65:E C6A@CED H9:=6 >2:?E2:?:?8 ur#p 4@>A=:2?46] pFE@>2E65 DJDE6>D 42? 86?6C2E6 C6BF:C65 5:D4=@DFC6D[ @3E2:? AC@A6C 2FE9@C:K2E:@?D[ 2?5 AC@G:56 25G6CD6 24E:@? ?@E:46D H96? ?646DD2CJ]k^Am

kAm{@@< 7@C A=2E7@C>D E92E AC@G:56 2F5:E EC2:=D D9@H:?8 9@H 2AA=:42E:@?D H6C6 AC@46DD65[ H92E :?7@C>2E:@? H2D 2446DD65[ 2?5 H92E 564:D:@?D H6C6 >256] %9:D 5@4F>6?E2E:@? 42? 36 :?G2=F23=6 7@C 56>@?DEC2E:?8 72:C 9@FD:?8 4@>A=:2?46 :7 J@FC C6?E2= 564:D:@?D 2C6 6G6C 492==6?865]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8m#64@C5\<66A:?8 2?5 4@>A=:2?46 >@?:E@C:?8k^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAms:8:E2= AC@A6CEJ >2?286>6?E A=2E7@C>D EJA:42==J 2FE@>2E:42==J >2:?E2:? 4@>AC696?D:G6 C64@C5D @7 2== 2AA=:42E:@?D[ D4C66?:?8 C6DF=ED[ 2?5 C6?E2= 564:D:@?D[ H:E9 62DJ C6EC:6G2= 42A23:=:E:6D 7@C =682= 4@>A=:2?46 @C 2F5:E AFCA@D6D]k^Am

kAm{@@< 7@C DJDE6>D E92E 42? 86?6C2E6 4@>A=:2?46 C6A@CED D9@H:?8 9@H 2AA=:42E:@?D H6C6 AC@46DD65[ H92E 4C:E6C:2 H6C6 2AA=:65[ 2?5 H92E @FE4@>6D C6DF=E65] %96D6 C6A@CED 42? 96=A J@F >@?:E@C J@FC @H? AC24E:46D 7@C A@E6?E:2= 72:C 9@FD:?8 :DDF6D 2?5 56>@?DEC2E6 8@@5 72:E9 4@>A=:2?46 677@CED]k^Am

kAm|2?J A=2E7@C>D 2=D@ AC@G:56 @?8@:?8 4@>A=:2?46 FA52E6D 2?5 EC2:?:?8 C6D@FC46D E@ 96=A J@F DE2J 4FCC6?E H:E9 492?8:?8 72:C 9@FD:?8 C6BF:C6>6?ED] %9:D DFAA@CE 42? 36 A2CE:4F=2C=J G2=F23=6 7@C D>2== =2?5=@C5D H9@ 5@?’E 92G6 565:42E65 =682= C6D@FC46D 7@C EC24<:?8 C68F=2E@CJ 492?86D]k^Am

k9bmx>A=6>6?E:?8 r@>A=:2?E $4C66?:?8 %@52Jk^9bm

kAm&?56CDE2?5:?8 72:C 9@FD:?8 C6BF:C6>6?ED :D @?=J E96 7:CDE DE6A—:>A=6>6?E:?8 4@>A=:2?E D4C66?:?8 AC24E:46D C6BF:C6D DJDE6>2E:4 24E:@? 2?5 @?8@:?8 4@>>:E>6?E E@ =682= 2?5 6E9:42= E6?2?E 6G2=F2E:@? AC@46DD6D]k^Am

kAm%96 <6J E@ DF446DD7F= :>A=6>6?E2E:@? :D DE2CE:?8 H:E9 4=62C[ @3;64E:G6 4C:E6C:2 32D65 @? =68:E:>2E6 3FD:?6DD ?665D 2?5 2AA=J:?8 E9@D6 4C:E6C:2 4@?D:DE6?E=J E@ 6G6CJ 2AA=:42?E] s@4F>6?E J@FC AC@465FC6D[ >2:?E2:? 4@>AC696?D:G6 C64@C5D[ 2?5 36 AC6A2C65 E@ 6IA=2:? E96 3FD:?6DD C62D@?D 7@C J@FC D4C66?:?8 564:D:@?D]k^Am

kAmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^C6?EC65:]4@>^3=@8^E6?2?E\D4C66?:?8\4@>A=:2?46\2D\2\D>2==\=2?5=@C5^Qmk6>m%9:D DE@CJk^6>mk^2m k6>mH2D AC@5F465 3Jk^6>m k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^C6?EC65:]4@>Qmk6>m#6?E#65:k^6>mk^2m k6>m2?5 C6G:6H65 2?5 5:DEC:3FE65 3Jk^6>m k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^9F3D]=2^"_b<=8$#_Q C6=lQ?@7@==@HQmk6>m$E24<6Ck^6>mk^2m]k^Am